Daim Ntawv Qhia Nto Defect Terminology: Txheeb xyuas cov cim yob, suav nrog khawb, thiab denting

Daim Ntawv Qhia Nto Defect Terminology: Txheeb xyuas cov cim yob, suav nrog khawb, thiab denting

Roll marks, suav nrog khawb, thiab denting feem ntau yog siv sib hloov hauv pem teb tshuaj xyuas, tab sis lawv muaj peb qhov sib txawv hauv paus thiab peb qhov kev kho sib txawv. Roll marks yog ib ntus imprints hloov los ntawm ib tug puas los yog paug yob; suav nrog khawb tawm los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau kos rau hauv cov hlau nws tus kheej; denting yog ib qho kev nyuaj siab hauv zos uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuab sab nraud, feem ntau tom qab lub sawb tau tawm ntawm lub zeb. Txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws los cais lawv tsis yog los ntawm kev pom ib leeg, tab sis los ntawm kev nug peb lo lus nug: Puas yog qhov tsis xws luag raws sijhawm? Nws puas muaj cov khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm nws cov hauv paus hniav? Thiab nws puas yog concave, linear, los yog ob qho tib si? Ib pawg thib plaub, sib tshooj - "nrog kev sib koom ua ke" - tshwm sim thaum lub subsurface inclusion collapses thaum dov, uas yog vim li cas cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov tsis xws luag evolution, tsis yog nws cov duab kawg nkaus xwb.

Yog vim li cas Terminology tseem ceeb tshaj lub npe

Misclassification tsis yog teeb meem lus. Nws xa cov kev tshawb nrhiav mus rau cov txheej txheem tsis raug. Lub cim ntu ntu uas yog hu ua "kos" ua rau kev tshuaj xyuas lubrication thaum qhov ua tau tiag tiag yog qhov ua haujlwm tawg. Ib qho chaw uas hu ua "yob kos" ua rau hloov pauv thaum qhov chaw tiag tiag yog tuav kev puas tsuaj tom qab coiling, los yog ntab seem hauv lub stamping tuag.

Peb nqe lus kuj muaj qhov kev lees paub sib txawv. Ib lub cim yob tuaj yeem zam tau nyob rau hauv kev txwv ntawm qhov chaw tsis raug, thaum muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke uas nthuav tawm cov khoom tawv tawv tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov chaw pib tawg thiab raug kho raws li qhov raug mob. Denting, yog tias sib sib zog nqus txaus, cuam tshuam rau qaug zog thiab txheej kev ncaj ncees thiab raug soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov phab ntsa thickness. Lub ntsiab lus yog thawj ceg ntawm kev txiav txim siab, yog li nws yuav tsum tau txhais los ntawm cov txheej txheem, tsis yog los ntawm qhov zoo sib xws.

Roll Marks: Periodic Imprints los ntawm Roll Surface

Txhais. Roll marks yog ib qho txuas ntxiv lossis ncua sij hawm nthuav tawm los yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag, hloov los ntawm cov yob uas tau raug puas ntsoog, paug, lossis tsis raug hauv av. Lo lus tseem ceeb yog ncua sij hawm: vim hais tias qhov tsis xws luag yog nyob rau ntawm lub yob, nws rov ua dua ntawm lub suab txiav txim siab los ntawm lub voj voog ncig lossis los ntawm lub caij nyoog uas qhov chaw puas tau hu rau lub strip.

Tsim mechanism. Cov khoom txawv teb chaws adhering rau ib yob, los yog ib tug irregularity ntawm yob nws tus kheej tsim thaum txawv teb chaws cov khoom tom rau hauv yob nto, yog pauv mus rau cov hlau ntawv raws li ib tug periodic cim. Yob sib tsoo cov cim, yob chatter, thiab yob nto tuaj tos tag nrho cov poob hauv tsev neeg no. Qhov tsis xws luag yog replication defect: lub strip tsis raug txiav los yog torn, nws yog embossed los ntawm ib tug yob uas tsis yog geometrically zoo meej.

Visual thiab soj ntsuam kos npe. Roll marks feem ntau yog concave los yog convex nyob ntawm qhov mob yob thiab cov kev taw qhia rov qab, thiab lawv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nrog lub suab ntsuas. Ntawm ib lub kauj, qhov ncua sij hawm ncua sij hawm yog qhov kev kuaj mob - lub suab qhia tias yob hauv kab yog qhov twg, vim tias txhua lub yob muaj qhov sib txawv thiab yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov cim feem ntau muaj cov npoo du dua li khawb thiab qhov dav dua, ntiav profile dua li cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv oblique teeb pom kev zoo, lub cim yob yuav tshwm sim raws li rov qab lub teeb / tsaus nti es tsis yog ib qho kev sib cais.

Dab tsi tsis yog. Lub cim yob tsis muaj cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws ntawm nws cov hauv paus, thiab nws tsis muaj qhov torn lossis hloov chaw-hlau morphology ntawm cov khoom siv kos. Yog tias kev txheeb xyuas EDS pom kev suav nrog chemistry ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, qhov tsis xws luag yog nyob rau hauv qeb tom ntej, tsis yog qhov no.

Inclusion Scratches: Kev puas tsuaj pib los ntawm cov khoom hauv cov hlau

Txhais. Ib qho kev suav nrog kos yog ib qho kev tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw uas nws pib tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau - ib qho oxide, sulfide, los yog pwm-flux particle - uas yog tawm ntawm qhov chaw los yog pw hauv qab nws. Kev suav nrog nws tus kheej tsim cov kev ntxhov siab los yog qhov nyuaj protrusion uas ua rau khawb thaum dov, theem, lossis ua haujlwm tom qab.

Tsim mechanism. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov defects nyob rau hauv cov ntawv txias-dov yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov non-metallic inclusions generated nyob rau hauv steelmaking thiab casting. Cov yam tsis xws luag nyob ntawm qhov kev suav nrog txoj hauj lwm, qhov loj, thiab cov khoom. Subcutaneous loj inclusions tuaj yeem ua rau tev thiab denting, thaum lub ntsej muag suav nrog tuaj yeem ua rau pockmarks, khawb, lossis slivers. Hauv kev ua haujlwm buffing thiab polishing, ib qho oxide-raws li kev suav nrog uas nyuaj dua li cov matrix nyob ib puag ncig ua rau khawb vim tias cov khoom ua rau cov hlau tsis yog deforming nrog nws.

Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj kos: qhov suav nrog khawb muaj qhov ua rau sab hauv. Cov khoom tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm ntawm qhov chaw, los yog nws yuav yog ib qho subsurface suav nrog uas cuam tshuam qhov chaw deformation hauv zos thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag tawg lossis qhab nia thaum dov.

Visual thiab soj ntsuam kos npe. Ib qho kev suav nrog kos yog linear, tab sis nws cov morphology sib txawv nrog rau qhov sib txuam qhov tob. Ib qho chaw suav nrog cov khoom ua rau tsim cov pockmark los yog khawb nrog cov hlua txuas; subcutaneous inclusion feem ntau ua rau cov hniav los yog tev tsis zoo es tsis yog ib txoj kab huv. Cov khawb yuav muaj qhov pib thiab xaus, lossis nws tuaj yeem pom lub pob zeb diamond uas muaj cov khoom siv sab nraud. EDS yog cov cuab yeej txiav txim siab: yog tias cov hauv paus tsis raug muaj Mg, Ca, Al, Si, lossis pwm-flux cov ntsiab lus uas tsis sib xws rau lub hauv paus hlau, qhov tsis xws luag yog suav nrog-tsav.

Dab tsi tsis yog. Kev suav nrog kos tsis yog ncua sij hawm - nws yog cais rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, txawm hais tias ib pawg ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim ib pawg ntawm khawb. Nws kuj tsis yog ib qho kev tuav tsis xws luag; Yog hais tias qhov khawb yog cov neeg kho tshuab ntshiab thiab cov hauv paus hniav yog cov hlau huv huv, nws yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv-scratch qeb, tsis yog qhov no.

Kev Kho Hniav: Kev Nyuaj Siab Hauv Zos los ntawm Sab Nraud Force

Txhais. Denting yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, nrog lossis tsis muaj qhov ntsuas tau, uas tuaj yeem ua concave lossis convex nyob ntawm qhov kev coj rov qab ntawm lub kauj. Nws yog geometric kev nyuaj siab, tsis yog txiav thiab tsis yog ib tug replication ntawm ib tug yob feature. Nyob rau hauv stamping, ib tug hniav yog ib tug undesirable deformation los yog kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub workpiece tshwm sim los ntawm tuag imperfections, tooling misalignment, feed-system teeb meem, los yog floating seem nias rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Tsim mechanism. Kev kho hniav yuav tsum muaj lub zog sab nraud uas ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo li qub, lossis ib qho kev txhawb nqa hauv zos uas tso cai rau saum npoo kom tawg mus rau sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv dov, ib qho subsurface suav nrog tuaj yeem ua qhov pib taw tes rau qhov chaw mos thaum lub matrix ib puag ncig deforms nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum. Hauv kev tsim thiab tuav, lub zog yog txhua yam: lub cim tuag, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub rooj yob, kev sib txuas ntawm coil, lossis cov khoom txawv teb chaws dai ntawm lub sawb thiab cov cuab yeej. Rauv-yob buildup thiab coarse nplej nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug hniav kuj tau txuas mus rau dentation tom qab thawj recrystallization.

Visual thiab soj ntsuam kos npe. Kev kho hniav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm nws qhov tob thiab curvature, tsis yog los ntawm nws cov linearity. Kev ua kom pom cov kua dej lossis oblique teeb pom kev zoo ua rau kev nyuaj siab pom raws li qhov kev cuam tshuam hauv zos hauv cov duab pom. Qhov tsis xws luag tsis yog ib txoj kab thiab nws tsis yog ib qho kev rov ua dua tshiab tshwj tsis yog tias lub zog quab yuam yog nws tus kheej ib ntus. Profilometry muab qhov ntsuas ntau: qhov tob, qhov dav, thiab seb cov hniav puas muaj cov npoo ntse lossis cov npoo. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus lees paub, qhov mob hnyav yog ntsuas tawm tsam qhov kev txwv qhov tob ntawm nominal thickness, nrog rau qee qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ntsuas thaum cov phab ntsa thickness poob qis dua qhov feem pua.

Dab tsi tsis yog. Lub dent tsis yog cov khoom siv tshem tawm tsis xws luag. Yog hais tias hlau tau raug tshem tawm los yog tshem tawm thiab ib daim di ncauj tsa, qhov tsis xws luag yog khawb los yog khawb, tsis yog dents. Thiab lub dents uas yog ncua sij hawm thiab ua raws li kev sib hloov ntawm yob yog qhov tseeb dua lub cim yob uas tshwm sim los ua concave - lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem, tsis yog lub cim ntawm kev hloov chaw.

Thaj Chaw Sib Tw: Thaum Lub Hniav kuj tseem muaj qhov cuam tshuam nrog

Cov kev cai huv huv saum toj no rhuav tshem hauv ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb: kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov hniav. Subcutaneous inclusions tuaj yeem ua rau denting thiab tev tawm thaum lub caij txias dov, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nyuaj siab yog mechanically ib dent tab sis metallurgically ib qho kev tsis xws luag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hu nws tsuas yog ib tug "dov" directs mloog mus tuav los yog tooling, thaum lub tiag tiag kev txiav txim yog steel huv si thiab kev tswj kev koom ua ke.

Txoj cai siv tau yog cais los ntawm lub hauv paus ua ntej, morphology thib ob. Yog tias EDS pom kev suav nrog chemistry ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav, qhov tsis xws luag raug kaw raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov hniav thiab xa mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav steelmaking / casting. Yog hais tias lub hauv paus hniav huv si thiab qhov tob qhov profile zoo ib yam nrog cov cuab yeej los yog kev sib cuag, nws raug kaw raws li cov neeg kho tshuab dents thiab xa mus rau kev tsim los yog kev tshuaj xyuas logistics.

Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Ceev Field

Cov kab ke hauv qab no daws cov teeb meem tsis meej feem ntau yam tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam hauv chav kuaj, thiab qhia tus neeg soj ntsuam thaum twg yuav nce mus rau EDS lossis profileometry.

Ntsiab Cai

• Roll marks yog replication defects.Lawv yog periodic, hloov ib tug yob-nto irregularity rau lub sawb, thiab raug kuaj los ntawm lub suab. Kev kho kom raug yog yob tshuaj xyuas, sib tsoo, thiab tswj kev sib kis.
• Inclusion scratches yog qhov pib tsis xws luag.Lub hauv paus ua rau yog cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau hauv cov hlau. Txoj hauj lwm, qhov loj me, thiab qhov tawv tawv txiav txim siab seb qhov teeb meem puas tshwm sim raws li khawb, pockmark, sliver, tev, lossis dent.
• Denting yog ib tug quab yuam-induced geometric kev nyuaj siab.Nws raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov tob thiab curvature, tsis yog los ntawm linearity lossis periodicity, thiab nws qhov chaw feem ntau yog sab nraud rau cov hlau - cov cuab yeej, tuav, lossis cov khib nyiab khib nyiab.
• Cov ntaub ntawv sib tshooj yog qhov inclusion-induced dent.Thaum lub dents muaj xws li chemistry ntawm nws lub hauv paus, qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv steel huv huv, tsis yog rau cov xovxwm los yog crane.
• Classification los ntawm mechanism ua ntej morphology.Ib lub caij nyoog concave tseem yog lub cim yob; ib tug dent nrog inclusion chemistry tseem yog inclusion defect. Lub terminology yuav tsum taug txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, tsis yog piav qhia qhov tshwm sim xwb.